The last two decades have ushered in an enormous expansion of electronic devices. Prices have dropped, users upgrade more frequently, and society reaps the benefits of rapid technological advancement. However, this explosive growth has also led to a surge in end-of-life (EOL) electronics and electronic waste (e-waste). When electronic devices are discarded in traditional landfills, toxic materials can leach into the soil and surrounding environment.

With the availability of inexpensive devices, society has gained tremendous benefits. This same growth in the electronics industry, however, has created a rapidly escalating problem of EOL electronics, commonly referred to as e-waste. In landfills or primitive recycling operations, toxic materials can be released from old electronic devices into the environment.

E-waste continues to grow, and with that surge comes the need for effective electronics recycling programs. As of 2018, e-waste became the fastest-growing waste stream in the world, with an estimated volume of 48.5 million tonnes and a material value of approximately 62.5 billion US dollars.

The amount of e-waste generated specifically from USB flash drives is not isolated in these statistics. Even so, it is not necessary to automatically include flash drives in the e-waste equation. There are practical options for reusing or recycling USB flash drives.

Option One:

Run antivirus software from a USB flash drive.

If your computer is infected with malware, running antivirus software from within Windows may not be enough to remove it. In cases involving rootkits, malicious software can hide itself from traditional antivirus tools. One proven way to remove deeply embedded malware is to boot the computer outside the Windows environment and perform the cleaning process from there.

This is where bootable antivirus solutions come into play. They operate independently of the infected operating system, preventing malware from running and interfering with cleanup. The HowToGeek website provides a clear overview of this process. If this is a tool you may need, consider repurposing an old USB flash drive instead of discarding it.

Option Two:

Run Linux from a USB flash drive.

As of 2020, Windows users still represented approximately 88% of desktop computer users worldwide. macOS users accounted for about 10%, with Linux users making up the remaining 2%. If you have never used Linux, it can be a surprisingly capable and flexible operating system. Instead of recycling a USB flash drive, you can install Linux on it and explore the platform at no cost.

The process is straightforward, and nearly any non-technical user can download and install a Linux distribution onto a flash drive. Slax is a well-known Linux distribution with simple installation instructions, making it a strong choice for first-time users.

Running Linux from a USB drive allows you to test the operating system without purchasing new hardware or making changes to your existing Windows installation.

This skill can also be useful during a computer failure. For example, if a system becomes infected with malware and immediate file access is required, booting into Linux from a USB drive can provide direct access to the hard drive without waiting for lengthy antivirus scans.

Option Three:

Recycle USB drives for a good cause.

“One person’s garbage is another person’s treasure.”

You can donate unused USB flash drives to organizations that repurpose them for educational and humanitarian use. Building on the Linux approach above, a non-profit organization called SugarLabs.org installs a Linux-based operating system onto donated flash drives. This specialized version of Linux is designed to help children learn how computers work. The organization distributes these drives to communities around the world.

SugarLabs is based in Boston, Massachusetts, and was founded by Walter Bender, a Harvard graduate and researcher from the MIT Media Lab. As part of the donation process, each USB drive is sanitized to ensure all personal data and malware are removed.

RecycleUSB.com manages the cleaning and preparation of donated USB flash drives before they are sent to SugarLabs. The RecycleUSB website outlines the donation process, contact information, and the data-sanitization steps used. The partnership between RecycleUSB and SugarLabs began in December 2009, when flash drives first became large enough to support portable operating systems.

If none of the above reuse options are suitable and you still plan to discard USB flash drives, check with your local community or municipality regarding approved e-waste programs. In most cities and counties, electronics should not be disposed of in standard trash. Instead, use certified recyclers participating in recognized programs such as R2/RIOS or e-Stewards to ensure responsible recycling.

In 2015, Intel introduced the Compute Stick, or Computer Stick – a product that has been around ever since. The idea is simple and elegant: Intel wanted to create an HDMI dongle computer that could run Windows 10.

There is no confirmation, but our suspicion is that Intel aimed to provide an ultra-cheap and portable solution to run Windows for embedded applications like set-top boxes (DVRs) and other IoT (Internet of Things) products. If our assumption is correct, it’s a wonderful product and a great solution for its intended purpose.

PCWorld did a fantastic review of the Compute Stick back in 2016, and a link to that article is at the footer of this post. The PCWorld review outlined the specifications and performance levels of the Intel-based product. We’ll let that article do the heavy lifting for the tech people out there, but today we want to talk about the applications one might have for a computer stick.

For only around $120 on Amazon, this is an excellent solution to run Windows 10 for a host of specific applications.

Several quick talking points before we move to examples of usage out in the field:

Yes. Performing an erase or a "full format" shortens the life of the device. The erase function is also very slow. This matters more than most people realize because flash memory wear is cumulative and irreversible over time.

Here are some additional questions based on the answer above which we will address in today's post:

Is "erase" and "format" the same thing?

Erasing flash memory (a.k.a. setting all bits to 0, also called a "full format" by Windows) does more damage. Flash memory has a limited number of times that it can be written, and the more you write to it, the more it degrades. With an erase function, you're writing to the entire device.

With a format, all that's happening is changing a few bits at the front of the device to indicate the rest of the memory space on the flash drive is available to be overwritten. This preserves the life of the flash memory because the old data isn't being overwritten immediately—just flagged for reuse later. We've covered the broader implications of flash wear and longevity in more detail in our article on the life cycle of a USB flash drive.

We all spend so much time on our computer, it’s worth customizing the sounds and events we experience while using it. Today, we’ll cover the topic of changing the USB sound when a USB device is connected. You can really have some fun with this, especially if you consider some of the USB jokes mentioned before, and how those jokes might apply when a USB device is shoved into a USB port.

While your mind wanders, I’ll move along to the tutorial part of this post:

In the search field, type in Control Panel and select the Control Panel.

For most, the middle of November is when you start thinking about Christmas and the holiday season. With that in mind, if you have an office gift exchange, this USB vacuum could make your short list, if you draw the office IT person as your secret Santa.

What tipped my memory about seeing this USB vacuum several years ago is a commercial during Sunday night football. Yup, someone actually worked this USB gadget into a prime time commercial. First image is from the commercial, second image is the link to get the USB vacuum from Amazon (or equivalent).

Before you get your hopes up the USB vacuum actually works, it doesn’t. The thing will make a vacuum noise, but doesn’t suck anything up.

That said, the images here are still useful in a completely different way: as a sales tool for promotional products. If you sell branded USB flash drives, the real pitch is rarely “it stores files.” The pitch is visibility, desk presence, and the moment someone pulls it out in front of other people. A novelty gadget photo like this helps you sell that idea without saying it out loud.

Here’s the angle: use a funny, familiar “desk gadget” visual to start a conversation, then pivot to a branded USB stick as the practical version of the same concept. A USB vacuum is memorable but disposable; a customized USB drive is memorable and actually useful. In a catalog, on a landing page, or in a sales email, you can place a hero image like this next to a simple message such as “Make your brand part of the desk.” Then show the real product: a USB drive with your client’s logo, packaged like a small gift, or bundled with an IT-themed swag kit.

For promotional buyers, the decision is emotional first (does it feel fun and giftable?) and practical second (will people keep it?). These images do the emotional lift. You can use them as a hook in a holiday campaign, an internal employee gift program, trade show swag, or an IT onboarding kit. Once you have attention, you close with options: capacity, style, imprint area, packaging, and turnaround time. The novelty image gets the smile; the branded USB closes the order.

I came across an interesting article today from Dr Gough, a tech nerd, and thought it was good enough to summarize here:

The USB specifications for power from a port vary from 100mA to 1.5A, and all the way up to 100W of power for USB Type-C. However, the cables and connectors used in a USB cable don’t always align with the power capabilities of the device being designed or charged. Most everyday USB charging cables are typically rated for about 1.8A of current, which is common for consumer-grade charging scenarios.

The 1.8A rating is largely based on safety limits related to resistive heating of the cable and connectors. This rating does not guarantee that your +5V at 1.5A setup will actually deliver maximum usable power to your device. The key point is that the cable-and-connector combination is primarily rated to handle heat safely, ensuring nothing melts or becomes a fire hazard. Most specifications go a step further and ensure the cable doesn’t even become noticeably warm to the human touch.

Every wire that isn’t a superconductor has some finite resistance. Put simply, electrical resistance turns energy into heat. Ohm’s Law tells us that E = IR, where E is voltage, I is current, and R is resistance. When power flows through a wire, current multiplied by resistance produces a voltage drop across that wire. That lost voltage becomes heat, meaning it never reaches your phone, tablet, or battery pack.

This also explains why some cables charge devices faster than others, even when using the same charger. Thicker conductors, better materials, and higher-quality connectors reduce resistance and therefore reduce energy loss. Cheap cables often cut corners on copper thickness and connector quality, which directly impacts charging efficiency.

I want to end this blog post with the above explanation because that’s the real takeaway. The more inefficient (or cheap) a cable is, the warmer it will get. If your iPhone cable is warm to the touch, it sucks. If the wire charging your power bank is warm, it sucks. Get a better cable. From what I can tell, there’s no meaningful rating posted on many of the low-cost cables you see on Amazon, so word to the wise: trust your tactile feedback.

You’ve connected a USB flash drive, heard the familiar Windows sound of connection, yet no drive letter shows up. You then go into Disk Management for Windows and see the device and memory, but the USB flash drive doesn’t get assigned a drive letter.

What should you do?

Most of the time, Windows will automatically assign a drive letter to any connected storage device—whether it’s a USB stick, USB hard drive, or other mass storage device.

However, if a drive letter isn’t assigned, there’s a quick fix to get your computer working properly again:

1. Open Command Prompt as Administrator (search for CMD, then right-click and select “Run as Administrator”).
2. Type diskpart and press Enter.
3. Once in DISKPART, type automount enable and press Enter.

If the above steps don’t solve the problem, there could be conflicting registry entries from past USB devices that disabled or interfered with the automount function.

Nexcopy offers a registry cleaning tool specifically designed for USB devices connected to your computer. This utility is an executable file that requires no installation and contains no spyware or malware. Nexcopy is a reputable company that provides direct support via phone, email, or live chat, so you can trust their software is safe and reliable.

USBScrub is the utility name and is available for download here.

The link below is for a ZIP file that contains two batch files to either enable or how to disable USB write protection on a Windows 10 computer. These batch files also work on Windows 7 machines.

This solution is ultra-easy and very quick: one click to run the registry edit file and one click to confirm the task. That’s it.

Typically, a person will want to lock down the USB ports of a computer to ensure a virus doesn’t spread through a USB device, such as a flash drive. This batch file provides a fast and simple way to both lock down your USB ports and easily unlock them again.

Important: Do not have a USB flash drive connected to the system when you run either batch file.

For those seeking more technical details, here is the specific registry edit being applied. Changing the DWORD value to 00000001 sets the device policy for the computer to be write-protected. Changing that value back to 00000000 restores normal read/write access.

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\
StorageDevicePolicies]
“WriteProtect”=dword:00000001

Note: This USB write protection method is specific to the PC on which it is applied. It is not device-specific and will not follow the USB drive to other machines.

If you require USB write protection that is permanent on the device itself and universal across all computers, contact Nexcopy.com and ask about their Lock License USB drives. This hardware-level solution is embedded in the USB controller, ensuring the drive is always write-protected, preventing any possibility of a virus being written to the USB stick. This is the best universal solution for USB write protection.

Screenshots of the Batch File Process

Batch files included in the ZIP:

Windows confirmation prompt after running the batch file:

Task completion screen:

Download link for the two batch files:

USB Write Protection Registry Edit Batch Files

With USB gadgets like this, it’s hard to imagine how companies like ADT stay in business for residential customers. This functional USB wall charger includes a miniature camera that acts as a discreet surveillance device. You can plug any USB gadget into it for charging while simultaneously recording or streaming video of whatever falls within its field of view.

Using your Android or iPhone, you can stream video directly to the companion app or share access with a group of authorized users. The spy camera records 1080p HD video and also saves footage to the included 32GB microSD card. As a bonus, the camera can be configured to record only when motion is detected.

The camera view is fixed directly in front of the wall plug, so there is no ability to pan or tilt the lens. That limitation is easy enough to work around by choosing an outlet that aligns with the area you want to monitor.

Here are some noteworthy features included at the low price of $29 USD:

• Motion Detection – Can be configured to record only when motion is detected and send notifications directly to your phone.
• Loop Recording – Automatically overwrites older footage to allow continuous recording.
• Night Mode – Supports recording in dim or low-light environments.
• Multi-User Support – Allows multiple users to connect to the same device, supporting up to eight users.
• Multi-Camera Viewing – Supports up to eight cameras within the same app or software environment.

The Evela spy camera comes with a 32GB microSD card and a USB dongle for reviewing recorded footage. The low-light recording feature works particularly well. For a $29 investment, this device makes sense for frequent travelers who want to check in on their home while away. Another practical use case is monitoring a babysitter or nanny. You can never be too careful, and at this price point, the barrier to entry is minimal.

Visit the product page for the USB wall charger and surveillance camera to see ordering details and customer reviews. The product carries a four-star rating and has been well received.

For background information, Wikipedia offers a general overview of surveillance, which is worth reading before crossing the line into nanny-cam territory.

Came across an article today that I thought was a very good read. It’s a niche topic, but for anyone who deals with flash drives or media distribution, it’s worth checking out.

From the article:

The optical drive is nearly dead — no longer found in laptops and only rarely included in desktop PCs. As a result, the trend for distributing data has shifted toward USB flash drives instead of CDs or DVDs. Because of this shift, many companies are taking a closer look at purchasing a USB duplicator.

There are several factors to consider before spending thousands of dollars on duplication equipment. The article breaks the most important considerations into four categories. After reviewing these areas, you should have a much clearer understanding of which type of duplicator best fits your organization.

USB Duplication Speed

Speed is the first area to evaluate. This isn’t just about raw copy speed. It also includes the number of USB sockets, the user interface, and how much operational feedback is available during a copy session. Questions worth asking include:

# How many USB drives will you need to copy in a day or week?

# How large is the data load in MB or GB?

# What turnaround time is required between request and completion?

# Is printing or branding required on the USB devices?

# Do you need proof of performance via log files or reports?

Answering these questions helps define the type of USB duplicator you should be looking at: how many ports, what performance level, and what software features are necessary for your workflow.

Your Production Crew

The next step is understanding who will actually be running the equipment. Will the system be operated by non-technical staff, or by IT professionals? Does the organization need to restrict access to the system or protect the data content during the duplication process?

This often depends on how the content is delivered. A duplication company might receive physical master drives from clients, while a fulfillment operation might receive files automatically from an online ordering system or internal server.

Another consideration is scale. Will the organization deploy multiple duplicators across different geographic locations? Many global companies standardize on a single manufacturer so the workflow, training, and support experience remain consistent worldwide.

Understanding the people, environment, and operational requirements goes a long way toward narrowing the field.

Read-Only vs. Read-Write

The third category is the final state of the USB media being shipped. Should the drives be read-only, or remain read-write? By default, all standard flash drives are read-write. That introduces risk: files can be deleted, modified, or infected after distribution.

Because of this, many organizations look for USB duplicators that support creating read-only (write-protected) media. With this approach, files cannot be deleted, formatted, or altered, and malware cannot write itself onto the drive. It’s a practical safeguard for training material, software distribution, compliance data, and controlled documentation.

Nexcopy is cited in the article as a world leader in read-only flash drive duplication systems and is used as an example of the type of platform organizations evaluate for secure media production.

Read the full article here

The most common reason why only one USB drive can be used in Windows is due to multiple USBs connected with the same USB device signature, or disk signature collision.

If you are dealing with bootable devices and seeing this problem, we are confident a collision is the issue. If you are not dealing with a bootable device, then our information below will probably not help.

What is a USB signature collision?

A signature collision can happen on any bootable device, such as Compact Flash cards, SD cards, microSD cards, and USB flash drives. A disk signature is a unique identifier number (UID). It is a unique identifier stored as part of the MBR (Master Boot Record) for an operating system loaded on the device. The operating system uses the UID to identify and distinguish between storage devices. It is commonly made up of eight alphanumeric characters. A disk collision occurs when your operating system (Windows) detects that there are two disks with identical signatures.

For Windows 7, 8, 8.1, and 10, these versions of Windows will disable the second drive and will not allow that second volume to mount until the disk collision has been rectified. If you are reading this article, chances are, this is exactly what is happening to you.

The first thing to do is navigate to the Disk Management tool within Windows. To do this, use the search tool and type in Disk Management. This will take you to the utility that Windows offers. Here you can see your multiple devices connected. If you click or hover over the device not working you will see one of two messages:

“The boot selection failed because a required device is inaccessible” or “This disk is offline because it has a signature collision.”

What created the USB disk signature collision?

Making a bit-by-bit copy of one device to another, like using a USB duplicator, would create a disk signature collision. Because these binary duplicators copy the MBR information, that UID is also copied to the target device. Stepping forward, once those two devices are connected to the same computer, “boom” you get the collision.

Chances are, the situation you are in right now is due to a cloning process you have just completed. But don’t worry, we have the fix!

Fixing a USB disk signature collision

There are two methods for fixing the collision issue. The first solution is using DiskPart, which is a free command line tool provided by Microsoft and is found on all Windows 10 computers. This is a one-by-one process. If you have multiple devices with this problem and need to fix all of them, best to use option number two.

DiskPart Method

To launch DiskPart, simply go to the search function and type DiskPart

You now see the command prompt for DiskPart and type list disk

DiskPart will list all the storage devices connected to your computer. From this list, identify which USB is your problem device. The easiest way to determine this is to check the capacity for the drive listed by DiskPart.

Select the disk you want to change the signature ID for, for example Disk 1, which is the second disk listed (typically disk 0 is your C drive). Type select disk 1

Now that disk one is selected, type uniqueid disk and the utility will spit out the disk signature for disk 1.

Our final step is to change this value. Knowing a hexadecimal value we can use, such as A53AEBE9, type the following in DiskPart: unique disk ID=A53AEBE9 and click Enter.

With this change, you can now go into Disk Management and put the device Online. When the device is online, Windows Explorer will see the device and you can use it. There is no longer a USB disk signature collision.

If your hexadecimal value will not take, it means your MBR file doesn’t have a signature you can change. You will need to flash the device with your bootstrap code. More details on that from a previous article found here.

Another reason why option number two, below, is better is that the hexadecimal number assigned to the partition is automatic and works. There is no guessing on what hexadecimal to assign to the partition, a step you must do in DiskPart.

The second solution is downloading the free Partition Wizard and opening the software. The Partition Wizard software will automatically identify the USB disk signature collision and update the necessary MBR. Super simple!

There is more technical information about disk collision issues from Wikipedia. You can brush up on the details there if so inclined.