Why My USB-C Isn’t Working – Microsoft Is Cleaning Things Up

Microsoft is trying to ending USB Type-C port confusion by addresses the user issues they face with USB-C ports on Windows 11 devices. Even though USB-C is ‘supposed to be’ universal the ports themselves do not offer the same functionalities – leading users to confusion and frustration.

To combat this, Microsoft has implemented new standards through the Windows Hardware Compatibility Program (WHCP) to ensure consistency and reliability across USB-C ports on certified Windows 11 devices.

Understanding the Problem

USB-C ports are designed to be A) universal and B) versatile. Versatile as in supporting various functions such as charging, data transfer, and video output. However, not all USB-C ports are created equal. Some may support only charging, others only data transfer, and some may support all functionalities. This inconsistency often leads to situations where, for example, a user plugs a 4K monitor into a USB-C port expecting it to work, only to find that the display doesn’t light up because the port doesn’t support video output.

According to Microsoft, there is a (roughly) 27% of users who try a USB4 connection have encountered “limited functionality notifications,” from the OS which indicates the connected USB-C device requires a feature not implemented on the PC. This highlights the problem.

Solution: Windows Hardware Compatibility Program (WHCP)

To address these issues, Microsoft introduced the Windows Hardware Compatibility Program (WHCP) with the release of Windows 11, version 24H2. The WHCP sets minimum requirements for USB-C ports on certified devices, ensuring a consistent and reliable user experience.

Key Requirements for WHCP-Certified Devices

• Universal Support for Data, Charging, and Display: All USB-C ports must support USB data transfer, charging via USB Power Delivery, and video output through DisplayPort Alternate Mode.
• Certified Components: Devices must use USB-IF certified silicon to guarantee robust and reliable connections.
• Standardized Drivers: Devices are required to use Microsoft’s built-in USB controller drivers, ensuring security and compatibility through Windows Update.
• Thunderbolt™ Compatibility: Devices advertising USB 40Gbps or 80Gbps support must also be compatible with USB4 and Thunderbolt™ 3 peripherals.
• High-Speed Data Transfer: Certified devices must sustain full-speed 40Gbps links on all USB-C ports, enabling fast data transfers and high-speed internet connections.
• Support for External GPUs and NVMe Enclosures: Devices must support PCI Express tunneling, allowing seamless use of external GPUs and NVMe enclosures.
• Multi-Monitor Support: Devices must support DisplayPort requirements to enable up to two 4K monitors at 60Hz, providing a high-quality visual experience.

Simplifying USB-C Branding

To further reduce confusion, the USB Implementers Forum (USB-IF) has introduced clearer branding guidelines, such as “USB 40Gbps” and “USB 80Gbps,” replacing complex terms like “USB 3.2 Gen 2×2.” This simplification helps users understand the capabilities of each port more easily.

With the implementation of WHCP standards, users can expect a more consistent and reliable experience when using USB-C ports on Windows 11 devices. Whether connecting a monitor, charging a device, or transferring data, the functionality will “just work,” reducing the need for guesswork and troubleshooting.

Microsoft’s efforts to standardize USB-C port capabilities through the WHCP aim to eliminate confusion and enhance the user experience. Setting clear requirements should help and simplifying branding will help users understand the USB-C ports on their Windows 11 system will work appropriately for the devices they connect.